Building stones of Edinburgh. 2nd edition.: Difference between revisions
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:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness|Stone from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness]] | :[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness|Stone from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness]] | ||
Carmyllie and Leoch | ::Carmyllie and Leoch | ||
Caithness | ::Caithness | ||
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of West Lothian|Stone from the Carboniferous of West Lothian]] | :[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of West Lothian|Stone from the Carboniferous of West Lothian]] | ||
Binny | ::Binny | ||
Hermand | ::Hermand | ||
Dalmeny | ::Dalmeny | ||
::Humbie | |||
Craigton | ::Craigton | ||
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of Fife|Stone from the Carboniferous of Fife]] | :[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of Fife|Stone from the Carboniferous of Fife]] | ||
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:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas]] | :[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas]] | ||
Bishopbriggs Quarries | ::Bishopbriggs Quarries | ||
Kenmure and Huntershill | ::Kenmure and Huntershill | ||
Plean | ::Plean | ||
Dullatur | ::Dullatur | ||
Polmaise | ::Polmaise | ||
Dunmore | ::Dunmore | ||
Giffnock | ::Giffnock | ||
Braehead | ::Braehead | ||
Auchintea | ::Auchintea | ||
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England]] | :[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England]] | ||
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Appendix 4 dates of operation and peak numbers employed in selected sandstone quarries appendix properties of building stones: | Appendix 4 dates of operation and peak numbers employed in selected sandstone quarries appendix properties of building stones: | ||
A. Comparative table of data | :A. Comparative table of data | ||
[[Building stones of Edinburgh: tests and properties|Appendix 5 Properties of building stones]] | [[Building stones of Edinburgh: tests and properties|Appendix 5 Properties of building stones]] | ||
B. Localities, descriptions and properties of building stones | :B. Localities, descriptions and properties of building stones | ||
C. Bibliography | :C. Bibliography | ||
Appendix 6 fossil trees from Craigleith, Granton and Redhall quarries | Appendix 6 fossil trees from Craigleith, Granton and Redhall quarries | ||
Index | Index | ||
Revision as of 14:16, 3 May 2015
Contents
Foreword
Contents
Preface to the 2nd Edition
Preface to the 3rd Edition
Chapter 1 the City of Edinburgh and its geological backdrop
Chapter 2 the geological characteristics of building stones
- Introduction
- Sedimentary rocks
- Sandstones
- Bedding characteristics
- Sedimentary structures in sandstones
- Joints
- Classification of sandstones: mineralogy, grain and cement composition and colour
- Weathering
- Limestones
- Igneous rocks
- Metamorphic rocks
- Slate
- Marble
- References
Chapter 3 Stratigraphy and origin of sandstones used in Edinburgh
- Geological setting
- Scottish Devonian sandstone ('Old Red Sandstone')
- Sandstones of Angus
- Caithness Flagstones
- Carboniferous sandstone of the Midland Valley of Scotland
- Inyerclyde Group
- Kinnesswood Formation
- Ballagan Formation
- Strathclyde Group
- Arthur's Seat Volcanic Formation and Gullane Formation
- West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation
- Clackmannan Group
- Lower Limestone Formation
- Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations
- Passage Formation
- Coal Measures
Permian and Triassic Sandstone ('New Red Sandstone') of Dumfries & Galloway and Ayrshire
- Appleby Group
- Locharbriggs Sandstone Formation
- Thornhill Sandstone Formation
- Corncockle Sandstone Formation
- Mauchline Sandstone Formation
- Sherwood Sandstone Group
- St Bees Sandstone Formation
- Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of Moray
- Carboniferous sandstone from the Scottish Borders and England
- Lower Carboniferous
- Cementstone Group
- Fell Sandstone Group
- Scremerston Coal Group
- Lower and Middle Limestone Groups
- Millstone Grit
- Coal Measures
- Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of England
- References
Chapter 4 Tests on building stones
- History
- Current methods of testing
- Tests used as indicators of durability
- Porosity
- Water absorption
- Saturation coefficient
- Acid immersion test
- Sodium sulphate crystallisation test
- The mechanical properties of stone
- Strength tests
- Uniaxial or unconfined compression test
- The point-load test
- Hardness
- References
- Working of the stone
- Organisation of work
- The workmen
- References
Chapter 6 The use and availability of sandstone in Edinburgh
- Methods of walling
- Surface finishes
- Smoothed ashlar
- Droved (boasted) work
- Tooled work
- Stugged (punched) work
- Broached work
- Rock-faced (bull-faced, pitch-faced, rusticated) work
- Vermiculated work
- Cladding
- Use of different stone in the same building
- Availability of stone: an historical perspective
- References
Chapter 7 Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: Part 1. Edinburgh's Quarries and their Building Stone Products
Burgh Muir (Meadows and Bruntsheld) and Grange Quarries
Craigmillar and Hawkhill Wood Quarries
- The 'Salisbury' Quarries (Camstone and Dumbiedykes)
- Salisbury Crags Quarries
- Greyfriar's Port Quarries
- Other Old Town Quarries
- Craigleith
- Maidencraig
- Barnton Park
- Ravelston
- Craigcrook
- Granton Quarries
- Bearford's Quarries
- Upper Quarry Holes (London Road Quarries) and Lower (Nether) Quarry Holes
- Quarries In the West End of the New Town
- Broughton Quarries
- Ravelston No. 2 and Ravelston Black
- Leith Hill
- Wardie
- Hailes
- Redhall
- Joppa Quarries
- Niddrie
Chapter 8. Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: part .2 Scottish and English quarries and their building stone products
- Carmyllie and Leoch
- Caithness
- Binny
- Hermand
- Dalmeny
- Humbie
- Craigton
Grange
Newbigging
Cuhalo
Clunevar
Fordell
- Bishopbriggs Quarries
- Kenmure and Huntershill
- Plean
- Dullatur
- Polmaise
- Dunmore
- Giffnock
- Braehead
- Auchintea
- Swinton and Whitsome Newton
- Fairloans
- Doddington
- Craggo
- Blaxter
- Darney
- Prudham
- Gunnerton
- Dunhouse
- Stainton
- Catcastle
- Wewield
- Stoke Hall
- Stanton Moor
- Stancliffe
- Springwell
- Woodkirk
- Heworthburn
- Locharbriggs
- Corncockle
- Gatetawbridge
- Closeburn
- Corsehill
- Lazonby
- Moat
- Clashach
- Spynie
- References
Appendix 1 Glossary
Appendix 2 Sandstone quarries: locations and stratigraphy
Appendix 3 Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings
Appendix 4 dates of operation and peak numbers employed in selected sandstone quarries appendix properties of building stones:
- A. Comparative table of data
Appendix 5 Properties of building stones
- B. Localities, descriptions and properties of building stones
- C. Bibliography
Appendix 6 fossil trees from Craigleith, Granton and Redhall quarries
Index