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==Penny Farm Gill Formation [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=PFD (PFD)], Carboniferous, Northern England Province ==
Penny Farm Gill Formation is part of the [[Ravenstonedale Group]]
=== Name ===
The name is derived from Penny Farm Gill, Askrigg Block. The original name ‘Penny Farm Gill Dolomite Formation’ was proposed by Burgess (1986, p. 6<ref name="Burgess86">Burgess, I C.1986.Lower Carboniferous sections in the Sedbergh district, Cumbria.''Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association'', Vol. 11, 1–23</ref>).

=== Lithology ===
The Penny Farm Gill Formation comprises interbedded limestone, dolostone, sandstone and siltstone, commonly rhythmically bedded.

=== Genetic interpretation ===
The strata were deposited within a shallow marine, intertidal and supratidal environment, marginal to the more open marine conditions in the Stainmore Trough at the time.

=== Stratotype ===
Partial type sections include the lowest 17 m of the formation seen in Nor Gill (SD 698 933) in a sequence that comprises mainly sandstones, silty limestones and siltstones; and the succeeding 35 m of beds, which are well seen in the inlier at Penny Farm Gill (SD 698 932), where the sequence comprises sandy and micritic dolostones, siltstone with dolostone beds (not exposed, but suggested by debris), and sandy limestones with interbedded dolostones (Burgess, 1986, pp. 6–7<ref name="Burgess86"></ref>; see also Dunham and Wilson, 1985, p. 26<ref name="DandW">Dunham, K C, and Wilson, A A.1985.Geology of the Northern Pennine Orefield: Volume 2, Stainmore to Craven.''Economic Memoir of the British Geological Survey'', Sheets 40, 41 and 50, parts 31, 32, 51, 60 and 61(England and Wales)</ref>). The formation also occurs in the Raydale Borehole (BGS Registration Number SD98SW/1) (SD 9026 8474) from about 350 to 406 m depth (see Dunham and Wilson, 1985, and references therein<ref name="DandW"></ref>).

=== Lower and upper boundaries ===
The formation overlies contiguously the conglomeratic Marsett Formation.

The top of the Penny Farm Gill Formation is marked locally by a nodular dolostone bed with rhizoliths that is indicative of emergence (Burgess, 1986<ref name="Burgess86"></ref>). The biosparites of the Tom Croft Limestone Formation (Great Scar Limestone Group) disconformably overlie the formation (Figure.9, Column 17; Figure 15, Column 3).

=== Thickness ===
According to Dunham and Wilson (1985)<ref name="DandW"></ref> the formation is 50.6 m thick in the Penny Farm Gill inlier, and about 56 m thick in the Raydale Borehole (see above).

''Distriution and regional correlation''

Askrigg Block.

=== Age and biostratigraphical characterisation ===
The formation has a limited fauna of bivalves, gastropods, the brachiopod ''Rhynchonella fawcettensis'', and ostracods. However, a miospore assemblage from the formation has been assigned to the (Chadian to Arundian) Pu Zone, although the presence of ''Knoxisporites stephanephorus ''suggests an Arundian to early Holkerian age TS Zone (Burgess, 1986<ref name="Burgess86"></ref>)

== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Carboniferous lithostratigraphical nomenclature]]

Penny Farm Gill Formation - Revision history

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Geosource>Volunteer 01 at 11:04, 8 July 2015