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Water analysis

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{{OR/19/054}}
==Site survey==
Seven sites were selected by Nick Mott (Staffordshire Wildlife Trust) and surveys were commissioned and undertaken on 17 and 18th June 2019. Site vegetation (flowering plants and bryophytes) was recorded using nomenclature adopted follows Stace (2010)<ref name="Stace 2010">STACE, C. 2010. New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </ref> for most flowering plants; Cope & Gray (2009)<ref name="Cope 2009">COPE, T, and GRAY, A. 2009. ''Grasses of the British Isles (BSBI Handbook No. 13). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland''.</ref> for grasses; Atherton, Bosanquet & Lawley (2010) for bryophytes.

==Water analysis==
Water samples were collected from drip water directly below areas of tufa formation that has both active tufa formation and contained the target moss species ''P. commutata''. pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and alkalinity were measured in the field. pH and electrical conductivity were measured on a hand held Hanna meter and temperature on a digital thermometer. Field alkalinity was measure using a digital titrator, with three measurements made for each inorganic water sample sent to the laboratory. Each water sample was filtered using a 0.45 µm filter into two separate 35 ml plastic bottles. The water samples were chilled and sent to the UKAS accredited British Geological Survey Inorganic Geochemistry Laboratory (Nottingham) for ICP-MS and IC analysis of major ions, nutrients, alkalinity and trace elements. The same method and laboratories were used for studies in Wales and Gloucestershire (e.g. Farr et al., 2014<ref name="Farr 2014">FARR, G, GRAHAM, J, and STRATFORD, C. 2014. Survey, characterisation and condition assessment of ''Palustriella'' dominated springs 'H7220 petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) in Wales. NERC, 211pp. (Natural Resources Wales Evidence Report No. 136, WL/NEC03832/13_14/T6, OR/14/043) (Unpublished) </ref>; Farr & Graham, 2017<ref name="Farr 2017">FARR, G, and GRAHAM, J. 2017. Survey, characterisation and condition assessment of ''Palustriella'' dominated springs 'H7220 Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)' in Gloucestershire, England. British Geological Survey, 141pp. (OR/17/020) (Unpublished) </ref>, Graham et al., 2019<ref name="Graham 2019">GRAHAM, J, FARR, G, HEDENÄS, L, DEVEZ, A, and WATTS, M J. 2019. Using water chemistry to define ecological preferences within the moss genus ''Scorpidium'', from Wales, UK, Journal of Bryology, 41:3, 197–204, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2019.1603416 </ref>). Full chemical analysis of major and minor ions are included in [[OR/19/054 Appendix 3 - Water chemistry |Appendix 3 - Water chemistry]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:OR/19/054 Survey of selected tufa forming sites in Staffordshire, UK | 04]]

OR/19/054 Methodology - Revision history

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