Geosource>Ajhil: /* Existing case studies from the UK */

2016-02-25T09:03:10Z

Existing case studies from the UK

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{{OR/14/047}}
==Existing case studies from the UK==
Several GWDTEs in England and Wales are part of a suite of various monitoring programmes set up to assess the impact of atmospheric deposition at designated sites. This section will provide a list of GWDTEs in England and Wales that are part of monitoring networks or have undergone research in the past aimed principally at atmospheric deposition. The list (Table 7) also included references to the data sources and to any existing hydrogeological conceptual models. A list of GWDTEs that have exceeded both their TV and CL are included in [[OR/14/047 Appendix 2 - List of GWDTEs that exceed both their Critical Load and fail their Water Framework Directive Threshold Values |Appendix 2 - List of GWDTEs that exceed both their Critical Load and fail their Water Framework Directive Threshold Values]]. The aim is to provide a short list of GWDTEs that have existing atmospheric deposition data that could be used for future projects.

<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table 7    GWDTEs in England and Wales that have historic or current atmospheric deposition data/monitoring programmes
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''SSSI'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Habitat'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Summary of Project'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Hydrological Conceptual Model'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Data Source'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Location'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Thorne, Crowle & Goole Moors
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Degraded Raised Bogs & Active Raised Bogs
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Large Plant Combustion Directive (LCPD)
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" |
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Monteith et al. 2012<ref name="Monteith 2012a">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012a. Monitoring of acidifying and eutrophifying deposition and ecological parameters at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. First Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref><ref name="Monteith 2012b">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012b. Monitoring of vegetation and bulk soil measurements at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. Third Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref>
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Cannock Chase
| European dry heaths
| Large Plant Combustion Directive (LCPD)
| Some hydrogeological data
| Monteith et al. 2012<ref name="Monteith 2012a">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012a. Monitoring of acidifying and eutrophifying deposition and ecological parameters at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. First Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref><ref name="Monteith 2012b">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012b. Monitoring of vegetation and bulk soil measurements at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. Third Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| The New Forest
| European dry heaths
| Large Plant Combustion Directive (LCPD)
|
| Monteith et al. 2012<ref name="Monteith 2012a">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012a. Monitoring of acidifying and eutrophifying deposition and ecological parameters at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. First Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref><ref name="Monteith 2012b">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012b. Monitoring of vegetation and bulk soil measurements at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. Third Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Skipwith Common
| MG16 heathland
| Large Plant Combustion Directive (LCPD)
|
| Monteith et al. 2012<ref name="Monteith 2012a">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012a. Monitoring of acidifying and eutrophifying deposition and ecological parameters at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. First Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref><ref name="Monteith 2012b">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012b. Monitoring of vegetation and bulk soil measurements at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. Third Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref> & Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref> & Penny Anderson, 2008
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Astley & Bedford Mosses
| Degraded Raised Bogs
| Large Plant Combustion Directive (LCPD)
|
| Monteith et al. 2012<ref name="Monteith 2012a">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012a. Monitoring of acidifying and eutrophifying deposition and ecological parameters at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. First Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref><ref name="Monteith 2012b">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012b. Monitoring of vegetation and bulk soil measurements at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. Third Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Minsterley meadows
| MG5 grassland
| CSM monitoring and grass forb ration v atmospheric deposition near poultry farm
| No but Adjacent to small metal mine (EA)
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Moor House
| M18b
M19a/b blanket bog
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| North Wyke
| Lowland grassland
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Porton
| Woodland and semi natural chalk grassland
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Budworth Common
| Lowland heath
| N budget, N immobilization is soil pools and leaching loss. Management cut and re-establishment monitored
|
| UKREATE.defra.gov.uk
| England
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''SSSI'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Habitat'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Summary of Project'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Hydrological conceptual Model'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Data source'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Location'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Wardlaw Hay Cop
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Calcaerous and acidic Grassland
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Long term 18 year study application of N and P
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" |
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | UKREATE.defra.gov.uk
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Peaknaze
| Upland moorland
| Impact of climate change under reduced pollution effects
|
| UKREATE.defra.gov.uk
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Ainsdale dunes and sands
| dune grassland and humid dune slacks
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network
| Clarke and Sanitwong Na Ayuttaya (2010)<ref name="Clarke 2010">CLARKE, D, and SANITWONG NA AYUTTAYA, SARINYA (2010) Predicted effects of climate change, vegetation and tree cover on dune slack habitats at Ainsdale on the Sefton Coast, UK. ''Journal of Coastal Conservation'', 14, (2), 115–125.</ref>
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Bure Marshes
| fen (flood plaine basic) wet woodland open water
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Burnham Beeches
| Beech woodland, dry and wet heath
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Fens Whixhall & Bettisfield Mosses
| active raised bog, degraded raised bog
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network
| Yes
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Ingleborough
| upland wet and dry heat bog
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Lindisfarne
| mobile dunes, humid dune slacks, heath and grassland
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Thursley
| lowland heath and valley mire
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network N additions and changes in management and monitored recovery
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Newbald Becksies and Askham Bogs
| various
| Potential impact of historic atmospheric deposition from power stations
| Paul Howlett, Environment Agency
| Paul Howlett, Environment Agency, Hogg et al 1995<ref name="Hogg 1995">HOGG, P, SQUIRES. P, and FITTER, A H. 1995. Acidification, nitrogen deposition and rapid vegetation change in a shall valley mire in Yorkshire. ''Biological Conservation 71'', 145–153.</ref>
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Wye Valley SAC
|
| Suggested by Andrew Pearson EA
|
|
| England
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Merthyr Mawr
| Humid dune slacks
| Nitrogen Budget
| SWS, 2010a<ref name="SWS 2010a">

SWS. 2010a. River basin planning through targeted investigations on selected Welsh Groundwater Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems - Cors Bodeilio and Merthyr Mawr. Schlumburger Water Services Report 1-274/R3 for Environment Agency.

</ref>
| Jones et al. 2005<ref name="Jones 2005">

JONES, M L M, PILKINGTON, M G, HEALEY, M, NORRIS, D A, BRITTAIN, S A, TANG, S Y, JONES, M, and REYNOLDS, B. 2005. Determining a nitrogen budget for Merthyr Mawr sand dune system. ''Report for the Countryside Council for Wales''. CCW Ref: FC 72-02-59, CEH Project Number: CO2352NEW.

</ref> Jones et al. 2006<ref name="Jones 2006">

JONES, M L M, REYNOLDS, D, BRITTAIN, S A, NORRIS, D A, RHINDS, P M, and JONES, R E. 2006. Complex hydrological

controls on wet dune slacks: the importance of local variability. ''Science of the total environment''. 372 pp. 266–277.

</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Mynydd Llangatwyg
| Blanket Bogs
| Large Plant Combustion Directive (LCPD)
|
| Monteith et al. 2012<ref name="Monteith 2012a">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012a. Monitoring of acidifying and eutrophifying deposition and ecological parameters at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. First Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref><ref name="Monteith 2012b">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012b. Monitoring of vegetation and bulk soil measurements at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. Third Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Esgryn Bottom
| Active Raised Bogs
| Large Plant Combustion Directive (LCPD)
|
| Monteith et al. 2012<ref name="Monteith 2012a">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012a. Monitoring of acidifying and eutrophifying deposition and ecological parameters at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. First Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref><ref name="Monteith 2012b">MONTEITH, D, SHERRIN, L, HENRYS, P, ROSE, R, HALFORD, A, SMART, S, and EVANS, C. 2012b. Monitoring of vegetation and bulk soil measurements at seven vulnerable Natura 2000 sites in England and Wales. Third Report to the Power Station and Refinery Operators. ''Center for Ecology and Hydrology''.</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Cors Caron
| Raised Bog
| Environmental Change Biodiversity Network 5 years of PC bulk data, 13 months of NH3 diffusion tubes
| Rigare
| NRW data
| Wales
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''SSSI'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Habitat'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Summary of project'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Hydrological conceptual model'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Data source'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Location'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Cors Erdderiniog
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Fen
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Environmental Change Biodiversity Network 5 years of PC bulk data, 13 months of NH3 diffusion tubes
| ! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | SWS, 2010b<ref name="SWS 2010b">SWS (2010b). Desk study Cors Erddreiniog Investigations on selected Welsh Groundwater Dependent Terrestrial Ecosystems (GWDTEs). Schlumberger Water Services. Report 1-274/R3 for Environment Agency.</ref> and Rigare (assorted dates)
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | NRW data
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Cors Fochno
| Raised bog
| Environmental Change Network (ECN) 5 years of PC bulk data, 13 months of NH3 diffusion tubes
| Rigare reports for NRW
| NRW data
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Yr Wyddfa
| acidic grassland and heath
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Rhuabon Moor
| Moorland
| Impacts of nitrogen, management and intervention on moorland. Application of N and P
|
| UKREATE.defra.gov.uk
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Pwllpeiran
| Acidic grassland and heath
| Nitrogen addition experiments to determine interaction between grazing pressure and nitrogen deposition
|
| UKREATE.defra.gov.uk
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Cwm Cadlan
| wet calcaerous grassland
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
|
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Newborough Warren
| dune grassland and humid dune slacks
| Environmental Change Network (ECN); impacts of nitrogen management and intervention; chronosequence studies. Nitrogen budget. Source apportionment for local NH3 atmospheric sources
| Numerous reports e.g. Stratford, 2006<ref name="Stratford 2006">

STRATFORD, C. 2006. Review of hydrological reports for Newborough Warren, Anglesey. CEH report. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/NewboroughReviewFinalReport.pdf/$FILE/NewboroughReviewFinalReport.pdf

</ref>
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref> NVC maps 1980s and 1990s; Jones et al. 2008<ref name="Jones 2008">JONES, M L M, SOWERBY, A, WILLIAMS, D L, and JONES, R E. 2008. Factors controlling soil development in sand dunes: evidence from a coastal dune soil chronosequence. ''Plant and Soil 307'', 219–234.</ref>; Plassmann et al. 2009<ref name="Plassmann 2009">PLASSMANN, K, EDWARDS-JONES, G, JONES, M L M. 2009. The effects of low levels of nitrogen deposition and grazing on dune grassland. ''Science of the Total Environment 407'', 1391–1404.</ref>; Jones et al. 2013<ref name="Jones 2013">

JONES, L, NIZAM, M S, REYNOLDS, B, BAREHAM, S, and OXLEY, E R B. 2013. Upwind impacts of ammonia from an intensive poultry unit. ''Environmental Pollution 180'', 221–228.

</ref>.
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Ogof Ffynnon Ddu
| limestone pavements and cave system
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
| No
| Emmett et al .2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Oxwich
| Humid dune slacks
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
| Grey literature held by NRW
| Emmett et al. 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Rhos Llawr Cwrt
| bog grassland oak woodland
| Environmental Change Network (ECN)
|
| Emmett et al . 2011<ref name="Emmett 2011">EMMET, B A, ROWE, E C, STEVENS, C J, GOWING, D J, HENRYS, P A, MASKELL, L C, and SMART, S M. 2011. Interpretation of evidence of nitrogen impacts on vitiation in relation to UK biodiversity objectives. ''JNCC Report'' No. 449.</ref>
| Wales
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Crymlyn Bog
| Quaking bog transition mire alkaline fen
| Nutrient Source Apportionment study
| Grey literature held by NRW
| Environment Agency Wales, 2004<ref name="Environment Agency Wales 2004">ENVIRONMENT AGENCY WALES. 2004. Nutrient and other chemical loads to and from the Crymlyn Bog candidate Special Area of Conservation. ''Internal Report Report'' Ref: EATW/04/01.</ref> & 2005<ref name="Environment Agency Wales 2005">ENVIRONMENT AGENCY WALES. 2005. Summary of the assessment of levels and loads of air pollutants and the nutrient source apportionment at Crymlyn Bog candidate Special Areas of Conservation. Version 3. September 2005. pp.44.</ref> Headley, 2004<ref name="Headley 2004">HEADLEY, A. 2004. Crymlin Bog SSSI, South Wales: Impacts of consented discharges and other sources of nutrient enrichment on cSAC qualifying habitats. ''Report To Environment Agency Wales''.</ref>.
| Wales
|}
</center>

==Selection of potential study site for Phase 2 investigation==
No strict methodology has been applied to proposing potential sites for the phase 2 work, however the following points have been considered;

* Is there an existing conceptual model for the site?
* Is there NVC data for the site?
* Is there existing on site water level and quality data?
* Has the critical load or threshold value been exceeded?
* What is the distance to an established atmospheric chemistry monitoring station?
* Do the sites present variability in terms of type and setting?
* Are there willing local experts who will assist with future investigations?

Potential sites are listed in Table 8.

<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table 8    Possible sites for consideration in phase 2
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''GWDTE'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Country'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Type'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Setting'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''WFD Threshold Value'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Critical Load'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Conceptual Model'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''NVC data'''
| style="background-color: #dcdcdc;" | '''Distance to existing atmospheric monitoring point'''
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Wynunbury Moss
| ! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" | England
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Lowland bog
| ! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" | Lowland
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Not exceeded
| ! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" | Exceed
| ! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" | Yes
| ! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" | Yes
| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | 20 km
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Fens Whixhall & Bettisfield Mosses
| England/Wales
| Fens
| Lowland
| Not exceeded
| Exceed
| Yes
| Yes
| On site
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Newbald Becksies
| England
| Base rich marsh and wet natural grassland
| Lowland
| Not exceeded
| Exceed
| Yes
| Yes
| >50 km
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Askham Bogs
| England
| Riased bog and fen
| Lowland
| Not exceeded
| Exceed
| No
| Yes
| 10 km
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Merthyr Mawr
| Wales
| Humid Dune
| Lowland coastal
| Exceed
| Exceed
| Yes
| Yes
| >50 km*
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Newborough Warren
| Wales
| Humid Dune
| Lowland coastal
| Not exceeded
| Exceed
| Yes
| Yes
| >50 km*
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Aberffraw
| Wales
| Humid Dune
| Lowland coastal
| Not exceeded
| Exceed
| Yes
| Yes
| >50 km*
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Cors Bodeilo & Cors Eddreiniog
| Wales
| Alkaline and Calcareous Fens
| lowland
| Exceed
| Exceed
| Yes
| Yes
| >50 km
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Cors Carron (Tregaron Bog)
| Wales
| Riased Bog
| Upland
| Not exceeded
| Exceed
| Yes
| Yes
| <10 Km
|}
''* Nitrogen budget for atmospheric deposition available.''
</center>
==References==
<References/>
[[Category:OR/14/047 Atmospheric deposition at groundwater dependent wetlands: implications for effective catchment management and Water Framework Directive groundwater classification in England and Wales | 11]]

OR/14/047 Identification of potential study sites - Revision history

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