OR/14/039 Evolution of the national bedrock model - Revision history

Ajhil at 12:17, 29 November 2019

2019-11-29T12:17:29Z

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	The initial build covered England and Wales (Figure 1) and was funded by the Environment Agency of England and Wales (EA) in 2009–10 (Schofield et al. 2012)<ref name="Schofield 2012">Schofield, D I, Ambrose, K, Barron, A J M, Hopson, P M, Mathers, S J, Myers, A H, Waters, C N, and Terrington, R L. 2012. A geological fence diagram for England and Wales. ''British Geological Survey Open Report'' OR/12/081. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/20480/</ref>. In 2010–12 BGS funded the extension of the network of sections to Scotland, whilst additional infill sections were added in England and Wales and cross-sections were aligned along the coast to give the overall model the familiar boundary of the British coastline. Sections in northern Scotland were continued across the Minch to the Outer Hebrides and similarly to Orkney, but the coverage has not been extended at present to include Shetland or Northern Ireland.		The initial build covered England and Wales (Figure 1) and was funded by the Environment Agency of England and Wales (EA) in 2009–10 (Schofield et al. 2012)<ref name="Schofield 2012">Schofield, D I, Ambrose, K, Barron, A J M, Hopson, P M, Mathers, S J, Myers, A H, Waters, C N, and Terrington, R L. 2012. A geological fence diagram for England and Wales. ''British Geological Survey Open Report'' OR/12/081. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/20480/</ref>. In 2010–12 BGS funded the extension of the network of sections to Scotland, whilst additional infill sections were added in England and Wales and cross-sections were aligned along the coast to give the overall model the familiar boundary of the British coastline. Sections in northern Scotland were continued across the Minch to the Outer Hebrides and similarly to Orkney, but the coverage has not been extended at present to include Shetland or Northern Ireland.

	[[Image:OR14039fig1.jpg\|thumb\|center\|450px\| '''Figure 1''' The initial fence diagram for England and Wales as delivered to the EA in 2010 (from Schofield et al. 2012<ref name="Schofield 2012">Schofield, D I, Ambrose, K, Barron, A J M, Hopson, P M, Mathers, S J, Myers, A H, Waters, C N, and Terrington, R L. 2012. A geological fence diagram for England and Wales. British Geological Survey Open Report OR/12/081. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/20480/</ref>). ]]		[[Image:OR14039fig1.jpg\|thumb\|center\|450px\| '''Figure 1''' The initial fence diagram for England and Wales as delivered to the EA in 2010 (from Schofield et al. 2012<ref name="Schofield 2012"></ref>). ]]

	In 2012 additional funding from the EA enabled a few further sections to be inserted in England and Wales, whilst many others were deepened in key sedimentary basins with potential shale gas source rocks. This was part of a project to design a risk screening tool for the possible impact of fracking on aquifers (Mathers et al. 2012a)<ref name="Mathers 2012a">Mathers, S J, Bloomfield, J P, Smith N J P, and Terrington R L. 2012a. iHydrogeology WP1: A revised geological fence diagram for England and Wales. British Geological Survey Internal Report, CR/12/056. 25pp.</ref>. The final model produced was the GB3D_v2012 dataset (Figures 2 and 3). This model covered the onshore area of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the Isle of Man and comprised 121 cross-sections with a total linear length exceeding 20 000 km, built to depths varying between 1.5 and 6 km.		In 2012 additional funding from the EA enabled a few further sections to be inserted in England and Wales, whilst many others were deepened in key sedimentary basins with potential shale gas source rocks. This was part of a project to design a risk screening tool for the possible impact of fracking on aquifers (Mathers et al. 2012a)<ref name="Mathers 2012a">Mathers, S J, Bloomfield, J P, Smith N J P, and Terrington R L. 2012a. iHydrogeology WP1: A revised geological fence diagram for England and Wales. British Geological Survey Internal Report, CR/12/056. 25pp.</ref>. The final model produced was the GB3D_v2012 dataset (Figures 2 and 3). This model covered the onshore area of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the Isle of Man and comprised 121 cross-sections with a total linear length exceeding 20 000 km, built to depths varying between 1.5 and 6 km.

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__NOTOC__
{{OR/14/039}}
The initial build covered England and Wales (Figure 1) and was funded by the Environment Agency of England and Wales (EA) in 2009–10 (Schofield et al. 2012)<ref name="Schofield 2012">Schofield, D I, Ambrose, K, Barron, A J M, Hopson, P M, Mathers, S J, Myers, A H, Waters, C N, and Terrington, R L. 2012. A geological fence diagram for England and Wales. ''British Geological Survey Open Report'' OR/12/081. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/20480/</ref>. In 2010–12 BGS funded the extension of the network of sections to Scotland, whilst additional infill sections were added in England and Wales and cross-sections were aligned along the coast to give the overall model the familiar boundary of the British coastline. Sections in northern Scotland were continued across the Minch to the Outer Hebrides and similarly to Orkney, but the coverage has not been extended at present to include Shetland or Northern Ireland.

[[Image:OR14039fig1.jpg|thumb|center|450px| '''Figure 1''' The initial fence diagram for England and Wales as delivered to the EA in 2010 (from Schofield et al. 2012<ref name="Schofield 2012">Schofield, D I, Ambrose, K, Barron, A J M, Hopson, P M, Mathers, S J, Myers, A H, Waters, C N, and Terrington, R L. 2012. A geological fence diagram for England and Wales. British Geological Survey Open Report OR/12/081. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/20480/</ref>). ]]

In 2012 additional funding from the EA enabled a few further sections to be inserted in England and Wales, whilst many others were deepened in key sedimentary basins with potential shale gas source rocks. This was part of a project to design a risk screening tool for the possible impact of fracking on aquifers (Mathers et al. 2012a)<ref name="Mathers 2012a">Mathers, S J, Bloomfield, J P, Smith N J P, and Terrington R L. 2012a. iHydrogeology WP1: A revised geological fence diagram for England and Wales. British Geological Survey Internal Report, CR/12/056. 25pp.</ref>. The final model produced was the GB3D_v2012 dataset (Figures 2 and 3). This model covered the onshore area of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the Isle of Man and comprised 121 cross-sections with a total linear length exceeding 20 000 km, built to depths varying between 1.5 and 6 km.

<center>
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:OR14039fig2.jpg|thumb|center|200px|'''Figure 2''' The completed network of cross-sections for the GB3D_v2012 dataset.]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:OR14039fig3.jpg|thumb|center|495px|'''Figure 3''' The completed GB3D_v2012 model from the southwest.]] </li>
</ul></div>
</center>

At all stages the model has been constructed using the Geological Surveying and Investigation in 3D software (Kessler & Mathers, 2004<ref name="Kessler 2004">Kessler, H, and Mathers S J. 2004. Maps to models. Geoscientist 14/10 4-6. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/983/</ref>; Kessler et al. 2009<ref name="Kessler 2009">Kessler, H, Mathers, S J, and Sobisch, H-G. 2009. The capture and dissemination of integrated 3D geospatial knowledge at the British Geological Survey using GSI3D software and methodology. ''Computers & Geosciences'', 35, 1311–1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.04.005;</ref>). The methodology and sources used in the construction of the GB3D dataset have been thoroughly documented by Mathers et al. (2012b<ref name="Mathers 2012b">Mathers, S J, Terrington, R L, Waters, C N, and Leslie, A G. 2012b. Model metadata report for GB3D National Bedrock Fence Diagram GB3D_v.2012. ''British Geological Survey Open Report'' OR/12/079 14pp. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/20686/</ref>; 2014<ref name="Mathers 2014">Mathers, S J, Terrington, R L, Waters, C N, and Leslie, A G. 2014. GB3D — a framework for the bedrock geology of Great Britain. ''Geoscience Data Journal'' 3, 9. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gdj3.9/full</ref>) and in this report.

This study extends the GB3D_v2012 dataset by the incorporation of a few additional sections in England and Wales and the extension and realignment of many sections to include 305 deep stratigraphic boreholes (see Figure 4).

[[Image:OR14039fig4.jpg|thumb|center|700px| '''Figure 4''' Sections in England and Wales included in GB3D_v2012 release (red), those segments retained for the new GB3D_2014 model (yellow) and the completed framework including the new sections for GB3D_2014 (green). Note the section alignments for Scotland remained throughout as in Figure 2.]]
==References==
<References/>
[[category:OR/14/039 The construction of a bedrock geology model for England and Wales| 03]]