http://earthwise-staging.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=OR%2F13%2F006_Engineering_geologyOR/13/006 Engineering geology - Revision history2026-04-15T22:42:59ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.42.3http://earthwise-staging.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=OR/13/006_Engineering_geology&diff=53801&oldid=prevAjhil: /* Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM) */2021-08-17T10:26:54Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM)</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM)===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM)===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM) was constructed to provide 80&nbsp;km of 2.5&nbsp;m diameter tunnel, several shafts, and three large underground installations linking London’s water treatment works along two principal NE–SW routes: one north and the other south of the Thames. Serious inundation took place at Tooting Bec (between Streatham and Brixton) due to high pressures within the Thanet Formation. Whilst most of the tunnels (including all of the North London section) were driven in London Clay, the 9.5 km of tunnel within the Lambeth Group were found to have only moderate water pressures (Farrow and Claye, 1994<ref name="Farrow 1994">FARROW, J P, and CLAYE, P M. 1994. Civil engineering and tunnel design. ''Proceedings of Institute of Engineering, Civil Engineering'', '''102''', 23–33.</ref>). Different tunnel lining methods were used in the London Clay and the Lambeth Group, that in the former being cheaper and quicker. Ground freezing and grouting were used to control ground water ingress (Clarke and Mackenzie, 1994<ref name="Clarke 1994">CLARKE, R P J, and MACKENZIE, C N P. 1994. Overcoming ground difficulties at Tooting Bec. ''Proceedings of the Institute Civil Engineering'', <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>102<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>, 60–75. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></ref>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM) was constructed to provide 80&nbsp;km of 2.5&nbsp;m diameter tunnel, several shafts, and three large underground installations linking London’s water treatment works along two principal NE–SW routes: one north and the other south of the Thames. Serious inundation took place at Tooting Bec (between Streatham and Brixton) due to high pressures within the Thanet Formation. Whilst most of the tunnels (including all of the North London section) were driven in London Clay, the 9.5 km of tunnel within the Lambeth Group were found to have only moderate water pressures (Farrow and Claye, 1994<ref name="Farrow 1994">FARROW, J P, and CLAYE, P M. 1994. Civil engineering and tunnel design. ''Proceedings of Institute of Engineering, Civil Engineering'', '''102''', 23–33.</ref>). Different tunnel lining methods were used in the London Clay and the Lambeth Group, that in the former being cheaper and quicker. Ground freezing and grouting were used to control ground water ingress (Clarke and Mackenzie, 1994<ref name="Clarke 1994">CLARKE, R P J, and MACKENZIE, C N P. 1994. Overcoming ground difficulties at Tooting Bec. ''Proceedings of the Institute Civil Engineering'', 102, 60–75.</ref>).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Difficulties experienced during tunnelling===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Difficulties experienced during tunnelling===</div></td></tr>
</table>Ajhilhttp://earthwise-staging.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=OR/13/006_Engineering_geology&diff=53799&oldid=prevAjhil: /* Presence of water-bearing beds and lenses */2021-08-17T10:25:27Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Presence of water-bearing beds and lenses</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:25, 17 August 2021</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:OR13006fig7.16.jpg|thumb|center|400px| '''Figure 7.16'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excavation for the M4/A34 interchange at Chieveley, Berkshire revealing sand-filled channels in the Woolwich Formation, Laminated Beds (upper part of the view), and infilling karstic features in the underlying Chalk. (Copyright Jackie Skipper). ]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:OR13006fig7.16.jpg|thumb|center|400px| '''Figure 7.16'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excavation for the M4/A34 interchange at Chieveley, Berkshire revealing sand-filled channels in the Woolwich Formation, Laminated Beds (upper part of the view), and infilling karstic features in the underlying Chalk. (Copyright Jackie Skipper). ]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:OR13006fig7.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">17</del>.jpg|thumb|center|400px| '''Figure 7.17'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excavation for the Jubilee Line Extension in Bermondsey, south London, showing grey sands infilling a channel that cut down into the Upper Mottled Clay Reading Formation. (Copyright Jackie Skipper).]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:OR13006fig7.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">17a</ins>.jpg|thumb|center|400px| '''Figure 7.17'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excavation for the Jubilee Line Extension in Bermondsey, south London, showing grey sands infilling a channel that cut down into the Upper Mottled Clay Reading Formation. (Copyright Jackie Skipper).]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Sampling===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Sampling===</div></td></tr>
</table>Ajhilhttp://earthwise-staging.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=OR/13/006_Engineering_geology&diff=52347&oldid=prevDbk: 1 revision imported2021-07-26T14:09:55Z<p>1 revision imported</p>
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<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:09, 26 July 2021</td>
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</td></tr></table>Dbkhttp://earthwise-staging.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=OR/13/006_Engineering_geology&diff=52346&oldid=prevGeosource>Ajhil: /* Landslides */2018-12-19T11:54:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Landslides</span></span></p>
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