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	[[Category:Northern Ireland]]		[[Category:The geology of Northern Ireland]]

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{{nibrg}}
W I Mitchell

== Introduction ==
[[File:P947814.jpg|thumbnail|Position of the continents in the early Carboniferous (c. 350Ma (1)) (P947814)]]

[[File:P947838.jpg|thumbnail|Position of the continents in the late Carboniferous (c. 300Ma (17)). (P947838)]]

[[File:P947927.jpg|thumbnail|Distribution and classification of Carboniferous rocks in Northern Ireland. (P947927)]]

[[File:P947815.jpg|thumbnail|Geological map of Northern Ireland showing the Carboniferous outcrop. (P947815)]]
At the end of the Devonian, Ireland lay on the southern margin of Laurentia that stretched from the Appalachians, northeast across Britain into Fennoscandia <ref>Osborne, R, and Tarling, D H. 1995. ''The Historical Atlas of the Earth (A Visual Exploration of the Earth’s Physical Past)''. Viking. Penguin Books Ltd., London.</ref> [[Media:P947814.jpg| (P947814)]]. Coastal alluvial plains merged into shallow tropical waters at the edge of an inhospitable desert landscape. Although marine conditions had reached the southern tip of Ireland at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary (c.355Ma) the succeeding 10Ma passed before the transgression reached the north of Ireland in the late Tournaisian <ref>Clayton, G, and Higgs, K. 1979. The Tournaisian marine transgression in Ireland. ''Journal of Earth Sciences of the Royal Dublin Society'' 2, 1–10.</ref>. This is only the first event in the turbulent 65Ma history of the Carboniferous in Northern Ireland (c.355–290Ma). Throughout the succession there is evidence of intermittent tectonic activity. Northern Ireland was not an area of quiet sedimentation, as previously envisaged, but straddled a zone of dextral strike-slip comparable to the Midland Valley of Scotland and the Maritimes Basin in Atlantic Canada <ref>Calder, J H. 1998. The Carboniferous evolution of Nova Scotia. ''In'': Blundell, D J, and Scott, A C. (eds.). ''Lyell: the Past is the Key to the Present''. Publication of the Geological Society, London, No. 143, 261–302.</ref>. Thus, by the end of the Carboniferous, when the Variscan Orogeny had reached a maximum intensity, all of Ireland was now land and the Variscan Mountains stretched across the northern part of the country [[Media:P947838.jpg| (P947838)]].

Carboniferous rocks in Northern Ireland were deposited close to the northern margin of the "Northern Province" <ref>Sevastopulo, G D, and Wyse Jackson, P N. 2001. Carboniferous (Dinantian). ''In'': Holland, C. H. (ed.). ''The Geology of Ireland''. Dunedin Academic Press, Edinburgh.</ref> and reflect the proximity of land at all times. Their cumulative thickness of 7000 m is represented mainly by Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian, Viséan and early Namurian) rocks in Co. Fermanagh, the Fintona Block, peripheral sections at Coalisland and isolated basins such as Newtownstewart [[Media:P947927.jpg| (P947927)]]. The most continuous outcrop and succession extends from Co. Fermanagh and south Co. Tyrone into north Co. Armagh [[Media:P947815.jpg| (P947815)]]. The Carboniferous outcrop in the eastern part of Northern Ireland is reduced to outliers at Ballycastle, Cultra, Castle Espie and Carlingford Lough.

:[[Litho- and biostratigraphy, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland|Litho- and biostratigraphy]]
::[[Eastern Carboniferous outliers of Ballycastle, Cultra, Castle Espie and Carlingford, Northern Ireland|Eastern Carboniferous outliers of Ballycastle, Cultra, Castle Espie and Carlingford]]
:::[[Eastern Carboniferous outliers of Ballycastle, Cultra, Castle Espie and Carlingford, Northern Ireland#Ballycastle|Ballycastle]]
:::[[Eastern Carboniferous outliers of Ballycastle, Cultra, Castle Espie and Carlingford, Northern Ireland#Cultra|Cultra]]
:::[[Eastern Carboniferous outliers of Ballycastle, Cultra, Castle Espie and Carlingford, Northern Ireland#Castle Espie|Castle Espie]]
:::[[Eastern Carboniferous outliers of Ballycastle, Cultra, Castle Espie and Carlingford, Northern Ireland#Carlingford|Carlingford]]
::[[Carboniferous of County Londonderry, Northern Ireland|Co. Londonderry]]
::[[Carboniferous of the Fintona Block, Northern Ireland|Fintona Block]]
:::[[Carboniferous of the Fintona Block, Northern Ireland#Tempo-Lisbellaw Segment|Tempo-Lisbellaw Segment]]
::::[[Carboniferous of the Fintona Block, Northern Ireland#Kilskeery Group (Table 7.5)|Kilskeery Group (Table 7.5)]]
:::[[Carboniferous of the Fintona Block, Northern Ireland#Milltown Segment|Milltown Segment]]
::::[[Carboniferous of the Fintona Block, Northern Ireland#Greenan Sandstone Formation (Table 7.1)|Greenan Sandstone Formation (Table 7.1)]]
:::[[Carboniferous of the Fintona Block, Northern Ireland#Slievebane Group (Table 7.6)|Slievebane Group (Table 7.6)]]
::[[Carboniferous of County Armagh, Northern Ireland|Co. Armagh]]
:::[[Carboniferous of County Armagh, Northern Ireland#Tyrone Group|Tyrone Group]]
:::[[Carboniferous of County Armagh, Northern Ireland#Armagh Group|Armagh Group]]
::[[Carboniferous of East County Tyrone, Northern Ireland|East Co. Tyrone]]
:::[[Carboniferous of East County Tyrone, Northern Ireland#Tyrone Group (Table 7.7)|Tyrone Group (Table 7.7)]]
:::[[Carboniferous of East County Tyrone, Northern Ireland#Armagh Group|Armagh Group]]
:::[[Carboniferous of East County Tyrone, Northern Ireland#Leitrim Group|Leitrim Group]]
:::[[Carboniferous of East County Tyrone, Northern Ireland#Millstone Grit|Millstone Grit]]
:::[[Carboniferous of East County Tyrone, Northern Ireland#Coal Measures|Coal Measures]]
::[[Carboniferous of the Newtownstewart Outlier, Northern Ireland|Newtownstewart Outlier]]
::[[Carboniferous of County Fermanagh-south County Tyrone area, Northern Ireland|Co. Fermanagh-south Co. Tyrone]]
:::[[Derrygonnelly-Marble Arch-Cuilcagh Mountain, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland|Derrygonnelly-Marble Arch-Cuilcagh Mountain]]
::::[[Derrygonnelly-Marble Arch-Cuilcagh Mountain, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Tyrone Group|Tyrone Group]]
::::[[Derrygonnelly-Marble Arch-Cuilcagh Mountain, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Leitrim Group|Leitrim Group]]
:::[[Lisnaskea, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland|Lisnaskea]]
::::[[Lisnaskea, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Tyrone Group|Tyrone Group]]
::::[[Lisnaskea, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Leitrim Group|Leitrim Group]]
:::[[Fivemiletown-Clogher-Aughnacloy-Benburb, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland|Fivemiletown-Clogher-Aughnacloy-Benburb]]
::::[[Fivemiletown-Clogher-Aughnacloy-Benburb, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Fivemiletown-Clogher|Fivemiletown-Clogher]]
:::::[[Fivemiletown-Clogher-Aughnacloy-Benburb, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Tyrone Group|Tyrone Group]]
::::[[Fivemiletown-Clogher-Aughnacloy-Benburb, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Aughnacloy|Aughnacloy]]
::::[[Fivemiletown-Clogher-Aughnacloy-Benburb, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Benburb|Benburb]]
:::[[Kesh-Omagh, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland|Kesh-Omagh]]
::::[[Kesh-Omagh, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Omagh Sandstone Group|Omagh Sandstone Group]]
::::[[Kesh-Omagh, Fermanagh-south Tyrone area, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Tyrone Group|Tyrone Group]]
:[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland|Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Late Courceyan (CM Biozone)|Late Courceyan (CM Biozone)]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Chadian (Pu Biozone)|Chadian (Pu Biozone)]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Arundian|Arundian]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Holkerian|Holkerian]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Early Asbian|Early Asbian]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Late Asbian|Late Asbian]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Brigantian–Arnsbergian|Brigantian–Arnsbergian]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Late Namurian-Westphalian A/B|Late Namurian-Westphalian A/B]]
::[[Palaeogeographical and environmental reconstruction, Carboniferous, Northern Ireland#Late Carboniferous-Early Permian|Late Carboniferous-Early Permian]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Northern Ireland]]

Carboniferous, Northern Ireland - Revision history

Dbk at 11:12, 25 September 2017

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Dbk at 15:24, 20 September 2017