Dbk at 12:48, 29 July 2021

2021-07-29T12:48:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:48, 29 July 2021
Line 118:		Line 118:
	== References ==		== References ==

	[[Category: London and the Thames Valley]]		[[Category: 13. London and the Thames Valley]]

Dbk: Created page with "The British regional geology: London and the Thames Valley has been converted to a series of articles for this wiki. The book is available for purchase at the [https://shop.bg..."

2021-07-29T12:47:16Z

Created page with "The British regional geology: London and the Thames Valley has been converted to a series of articles for this wiki. The book is available for purchase at the [https://shop.bg..."

New page

The British regional geology: London and the Thames Valley has been converted to a series of articles for this wiki. The book is available for purchase at the [https://shop.bgs.ac.uk/Bookshop/product.cfm?p_id=BRG13 BGS Online Shop] Its full reference is:

'''Sumbler, M G. 1996. British regional geology: London and the Thames Valley (Fourth edition). (London: HMSO for the British Geological Survey.)'''

[[File:P915793.jpg|175px|right|British regional geology: London and the Thames Valley (Fourth edition). Cover image. P915793. ]]

== Contents ==

=== [[London and the Thames Valley, an introduction|Introduction]] ===

=== Concealed rocks and basement structure ===

:: [[Precambrian and Palaeozoic basement of London and the Thames Valley|Precambrian and Palaeozoic basement]]

:: [[Concealed Mesozoic rocks of London and the Thames Valley|Concealed Mesozoic rocks]]

=== [[Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley#Introduction|Jurassic: Introduction]] ===

:: [[Lias Group, Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley|Lias Group]]

=== [[Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley#Inferior Oolite and Great Oolite groups|Jurassic: Inferior Oolite and Great Oolite groups]] ===

:: [[Inferior Oolite Group, Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley|Inferior Oolite Group]]

:: [[Great Oolite Group, Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley|Great Oolite Group]]

=== [[Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley#Ancholme and Corallian groups, Portland and Purbeck formations|Jurassic: Ancholme and Corallian groups, Portland and Purbeck formations]] ===

:: [[Ancholme Group, Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley|Ancholme Group]]

:: [[Corallian Group, Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley|Corallian Group]]

:: [[Portland and Purbeck formations, Jurassic, London and the Thames Valley|Portland and Purbeck formations]]

=== [[Cretaceous, London and the Thames Valley#Lower Cretaceous|Lower Cretaceous]] ===

:: [[Wealden Group, Cretaceous, London and the Thames Valley|Wealden Group]]

:: [[Lower Greensand Group, Cretaceous, London and the Thames Valley|Lower Greensand Group]]

:: [[Gault and Upper Greensand formations, Cretaceous, London and the Thames Valley|Gault and Upper Greensand formations]]

=== [[Cretaceous, London and the Thames Valley#Chalk Group|Upper Cretaceous: Chalk Group]] ===

:: [[Lower Chalk, Cretaceous, London and the Thames Valley|Lower Chalk]]

:: [[Middle and Upper Chalk, Cretaceous, London and the Thames Valley|Middle and Upper Chalk]]

=== [[Palaeogene and Neogene of London and the Thames Valley - an introduction|Palaeogene and Neogene]] ===

:: Palaeogene

::: [[Thanet Sand Formation, Palaeogene, London and the Thames Valley|Thanet Sand Formation]]

::: [[Lambeth Group, Palaeogene, London and the Thames Valley|Lambeth Group]]

::: [[Thames Group, Palaeogene, London and the Thames Valley|Thames Group]]

::: [[Bagshot Formation, Palaeogene, London and the Thames Valley|Bagshot Formation]]

::: [[Bracklesham Beds, Palaeogene, London and the Thames Valley|Bracklesham Beds]]

::: [[Barton Beds, Palaeogene, London and the Thames Valley|Barton Beds]]

::: [[Sarsens, Palaeogene, London and the Thames Valley|Sarsen]]

:: [[Neogene, London and the Thames Valley|Neogene]]

=== [[Quaternary of London and the Thames Valley - an introduction|Quaternary]] ===

:: [[Quaternary of London and the Thames Valley - an introduction#Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]

::: [[Pre-Anglian deposits of the River Thames, Quaternary, London and the Thames Valley|Pre-Anglian deposits of the River Thames]]

::: [[Anglian glaciation and the diversion of the Thames, Quaternary, London and the Thames Valley|Anglian glaciation and the diversion of the Thames]]

::: [[Post-Anglian, Pre-Devensian deposits of the Thames, Quaternary, London and the Thames Valley|Post-Anglian, Pre-Devensian deposits of the Thames]]

::: [[Devensian deposits in the Thames Valley, Quaternary, London and the Thames Valley|Devensian deposits in the Thames Valley]]

::: [[Other Pleistocene deposits, Quaternary, London and the Thames Valley|Other Pleistocene deposits]]

:: [[Holocene, London and the Thames Valley|Holocene]]

:: [[Man in the Quaternary – the Stone Age, London and the Thames Valley|Man in the Quaternary – the Stone Age]]

=== Geology and man ===

:: [[Mineral resources, geology and man, London and the Thames Valley|Mineral resources]]

:: [[Hydrogeology and water supplies, geology and man, London and the Thames Valley|Hydrogeology and water supplies]]

:: [[Geological hazards and factors affecting development, geology and man, London and the Thames Valley|Geological hazards and factors affecting development]]

== Foreword to the fourth edition ==

The ﬁrst edition of this guide was published in 1935. Subsequent editions with modest revisions appeared in 1947 and 1960. Since that time, a vast amount of geological research has been carried out by the British Geological Survey, and by academic and industrial researchers. This work has ranged from surface mapping, to the investigation of deep structures by means of boreholes and geophysical techniques. The changes in our geological understanding of the region have been so great that the guide has been entirely rewritten.

The London and Thames Valley region includes some of the most densely populated and urbanised parts of the United Kingdom. To many people in such an environment, the relevance of geology may not be apparent. However, geology is more than just an interesting aspect of natural history; it has been crucial to the development of the region in many respects. Geology controls the form of the landscape on which we live, and our most basic needs are acquired from geological sources, from the bricks and concrete of our houses to the water we drink.

This book gives a comprehensive account of the geological development of the region, the succession of the rocks, and the uses to which they are put. It begins with the most ancient rocks, present at depth and known only from deep boreholes. Of the rocks which can be seen at the surface, the oldest are the Jurassic strata of the Cotswold Hills, well known to the fossil collector and the source of some ﬁne building stones in the capital. These rocks, like much of the overlying strata including the chalk of the downlands, were laid down in warm tropical seas. Such environments were very different from those represented by the sands, gravels and clays from the most recent part of the geological timescale. Of these, the deposits of the River Thames record the climatic fluctuations of the Pleistocene ‘Ice Age’ in a completeness and detail which is unique in onshore Britain. Flint implements found at many sites, chronicle the colonisation of the region by human beings. The muds and peats laid down in the Thames estuary during the last few thousand years, give evidence of gradual sinking of the land, which is continuing to the present day. The recognition of this process is one factor which led to the construction of flood defences such as the Thames Barrier, and is a positive demonstration of the way that geological research is essential to safeguard our way of life.

This account is written for all those who have an interest in their surroundings. It is intended especially for the amateur geologist or student, but will also help those concerned with planning, civil engineering or the extractive industries who need a summary of our geological knowledge. It will also be of value to the experienced professional geologist, for this book has been written by authors who are acknowledged experts in their ﬁelds, and there is much information within these covers that has never been published before.

::: Peter J Cook, CBE, DSC, FGS, CGeol
::: Director, British Geological Survey
::: Kingsley Dunham Centre
::: Keyworth
::: Nottingham NG12 5CG
::: June 1996

== Acknowledgements ==

The range of geological topics encompassed in this guide is great, and in order to produce a balanced and comprehensive text within a reasonable timescale, the help of many individuals has been enlisted, both from within the BGS and from elsewhere in the geological community. Each of the chapters has been written by geologists with many years of experience in the relevant topics, and in many cases includes information that has not hitherto been published. Particularly, thanks are due to those authors from outside the BGS, namely Dr D R Bridgland (University of Durham), Dr H G Owen (formerly The National History Museum, London), Dr J E Robinson (University College, London), Mr C J Wood (Scops Geological Services, Croydon) and Dr J J Wymer (Great Cressingham, Thetford), who have generously given their time. The guide has been compiled by M G Sumbler, assisted by Dr B M Cox, who was largely responsible for designing the plates of fossils, and the numerous tables and diagrams. It has been edited by Drs R W Gallois, A A Jackson and Mr R D Lake.

== References ==

[[Category: London and the Thames Valley]]

British regional geology: London and the Thames Valley - Revision history

Dbk at 12:48, 29 July 2021

Dbk: Created page with "The British regional geology: London and the Thames Valley has been converted to a series of articles for this wiki. The book is available for purchase at the [https://shop.bg..."